What does “Free gingival graft” mean?
A free gingival graft transfers tissue containing both epithelium and connective tissue from a site such as the palate to an area needing gum tissue. It is mainly used to increase firm, keratinized gum tissue and create an environment that is easier to maintain.
What tissue is transferred?
“Free” means the tissue is completely detached from its donor site. Including the surface epithelium distinguishes this from a graft using connective tissue alone. It may be considered where a narrow band of gum or pulling makes brushing uncomfortable; thin gums alone do not mean everyone needs surgery.
Conditions to check before surgery
The width of keratinized tissue, recession extent, pull from nearby muscles, support between teeth, and oral hygiene are assessed together. Causes such as inflammation and forceful brushing should be controlled first. Both donor and graft sites develop wounds, so receive separate instructions on pain and bleeding control and cleaning.
How it relates to root coverage surgery
Increasing keratinized tissue and covering exposed roots are distinct goals. A free gingival graft may be used to attempt root coverage, but differences in color and thickness and limits to coverage may lead to choosing another method. Surgery does not restore all of the original gum contour or height.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does taking tissue from the palate create two wounds?
When your own tissue is used, both the donor and graft sites need care. Contact the treating clinic if bleeding does not stop or pain worsens, and do not rub the graft with a hand or toothbrush to check it.
Is this method used for everyone with gum recession?
No. The choice distinguishes difficulty with care, insufficient keratinized tissue, root exposure, and aesthetic needs. Reduced support between teeth may limit coverage.
Questions about a free gingival graft
Learn what the term means and how it relates to your dental condition.
- Sufficient understanding
Is the surgical goal to increase gum width or cover the root?
Explanation and evidenceEven within gum grafting, tissue and surgical method vary with the goal. Confirm the changes that can be expected and any exposure that may remain.
Japanese Society of Periodontology · Clinical Practice Guideline 2022 - A choice suited to your condition
How should I brush and care for the donor site after surgery?
Explanation and evidenceBoth graft stability and oral hygiene must be maintained. Receive site-specific instructions on when direct brushing can resume and on alternative cleaning methods.
Cleveland Clinic · Gum Graft Surgery
