What does “Periodontal disease” mean?
Periodontal disease refers to disease affecting the gums and surrounding tissues that support the teeth. In common plaque-related gum disease, gingivitis, which involves gum inflammation, is distinguished from periodontitis, which damages attachment tissues and bone.
Distinguishing inflammation from loss of support
Gingivitis involves gum inflammation without attachment loss caused by periodontitis. Periodontitis involves loss of attachment and bone support identified through examination. Severity, treatment complexity and risk of progression are assessed further; visible swelling alone does not determine the classification.
Addressing plaque and individual risk factors together
Accumulated plaque can sustain inflammation, and hardened calculus needs professional removal. Daily brushing and interdental cleaning are combined with assessment of factors affecting progression and treatment response, including smoking and diabetes. A mouthwash alone does not replace cleaning and necessary periodontal treatment.
Reassessment and maintenance remain necessary after treatment
After needed subgingival cleaning, inflammation and pockets are reviewed, with further treatment or surgery considered for remaining lesions. Once stable, supportive care continues according to individual risk. Less pain alone does not mean that all issues with bone support or long-term care have been resolved.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are gingivitis and periodontitis the same disease?
They are related forms of gum disease but are not the same condition. Gingivitis describes gum inflammation, whereas periodontitis assessment includes damage to attachment tissues and bone supporting the teeth.
Can I skip periodontal examination if I have no pain?
Pain alone cannot establish the condition. Bleeding, recession, mobility and risk factors are considered alongside a periodontal examination to plan necessary care and intervals.
Questions about a periodontal diagnosis
Learn what the term means and how it relates to your dental condition.
- Sufficient understanding
Is there gum inflammation alone, or has supporting tissue also been damaged?
Explanation and evidenceUse probing and necessary imaging to distinguish gingivitis from periodontitis and assess extent and severity.
European Federation of Periodontology · Diagnosis and stepwise treatment of periodontitis - Care after treatment
What will be reassessed after treatment, and how will stability be maintained?
Explanation and evidenceConfirm the plan for residual pockets, bleeding, daily cleaning and individual risk factors.
European Federation of Periodontology · Diagnosis and stepwise treatment of periodontitis
